PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME PHENOTYPE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Vitamin D deficiency has been increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to metabolic disturbances and hormonal imbalance in women with PCOS. However, the association between vitamin D status and different PCOS phenotypes remains unclear. Aim: To assess the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and evaluate its association with different phenotypic presentations of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among women of reproductive age. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a tertiary care hospital over a period of 12 months. The study included 100 women of reproductive age diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) according to Rotterdam criteria attending the Obstetrics and Gynaecology outpatient department. Results: In the present study, the association between Vitamin D status and different Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes was evaluated among 100 patients. Among Vitamin D deficient patients, Phenotype A (HA + OD + PCOM) was the most common phenotype, observed in 38 (61.3%) patients, followed by Phenotype B (HA + OD) in 14 (22.6%) patients, Phenotype C (HA + PCOM) in 7 (11.3%) patients, and Phenotype D (OD + PCOM) in 3 (4.8%) patients.Among Vitamin D sufficient patients, Phenotype D (OD + PCOM) was predominant, seen in 20 (52.6%) patients, followed by Phenotype A in 8 (21.1%) patients, Phenotype B in 7 (18.4%) patients, and Phenotype C in 3 (7.9%) patients. The association between Vitamin D status and PCOS phenotype distribution was found to be statistically significant (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency appears to be a common finding among women with PCOS and may be associated with specific clinical phenotypes. Assessment of Vitamin D status could serve as an important component in the comprehensive evaluation and management of PCOS.