ASSESSMENT OF METABOLIC, LIVER FUNCTION, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN NAFLD PATIENTS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS

Abstract

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] is a multifactorial condition characterized by hepatic steatosis, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Early identification of biochemical and oxidative alterations is crucial for risk stratification and management. This study aimed to compare metabolic, liver function, and oxidative stress parameters between NAFLD patients and healthy controls. Material and methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Index Medical College, Indore, India. A total of 400 participants were enrolled, comprising 200 NAFLD patients and 200 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were recorded. Fasting blood samples were collected for liver function tests, glycemic and lipid profile assessment, and measurement of oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. NAFLD severity was evaluated by abdominal ultrasonography and categorized as simple steatosis, non-fibrotic NASH, or NASH with fibrosis [≥F2]. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age of NAFLD patients was 45.2 ± 9.1 years, with 62% males. Cases had higher BMI and waist circumference. Liver enzymes were markedly elevated in NAFLD patients, with modest increases in ALP and total bilirubin. Metabolic abnormalities included higher fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, LDL-C, and lower HDL-C compared to controls. Oxidative stress analysis revealed higher malondialdehyde and lower SOD and catalase in NAFLD patients. Imaging showed 44% with simple steatosis, 37% with non-fibrotic NASH, and 19% with NASH with fibrosis. Conclusion: NAFLD is associated with significant alterations in liver function, metabolic profile, and oxidative stress markers. Comprehensive biochemical and oxidative assessment, along with imaging, can facilitate early identification and risk stratification of patients, potentially guiding targeted management strategies.