Asian Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences (A-JMRHS)
Asian Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences (A-JMRHS) e-ISSN: 2583-7761 Journal indexed in following major databases; are embedded with respective links. Go to the Indexed in page for more indexing information Indexed in: EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Data base), SHERPA Romeo, Google Scholar, Creative Commons (CC), ROAD (Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources). PKP Index & Crossref AJMRHS is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to advancing knowledge in medicine and healthcare. It welcomes original research, comprehensive reviews, and scholarly articles that highlight recent developments in both clinical and basic medical sciences. Special emphasis is placed on areas such as epidemiology, translational medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, public health, healthcare systems, and health policy. Every manuscript submitted undergoes a meticulous peer-review and editorial evaluation to ensure originality, scientific rigor, and relevance. A-JMRHS serves as a global platform for medical practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to foster dialogue, exchange experiences, and share progress in fields ranging from disease prevention and treatment strategies to healthcare reform and policy-making. By facilitating communication across borders, the journal plays a vital role in promoting better health outcomes and enhancing healthcare delivery worldwide. The journal accepts manuscripts in the following forms: Original research articles Reviews Case reports Short communications Letters to editor Discussion papers Clinical Experience Clinicopathological correlation Book reviews and "How to do it" type articles describing new methods or procedures. Journal Summary Editor-In-Chief: Marcello Iriti, PhD Title proper: Asian Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences (A-JMRHS) ISSN: 2583-7761 Subject: Medical sciences, paramedical, Allied Sciences, AYUSH, Physiotherapay, Dental and other related Health Sciences etc. Publisher: MedicoLegal Publications Dates of publication: 2023 Frequency: 3 issues per year Language: English Country: India Medium: Electronic Version Open Access: Yes Licensing: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Indexed by: CROSSREF Indexed by: ROAD, THE KEEPERS Indexed by: Elsevier Embase Title DOI of the Journal: https://doi.org/10.65605/a-jmrhs ORCiD ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4949-0104 Contact: ajmrhspublisher@gmail.com Important Tools: English Grammar Checker Plagiarism Checking Proofreading Journal Insights e-ISSN: 2583-7761 Publishing Timeline: |Time to First Decision: 1 Month| Time to Final Decision: 2 Months| Publication Time: 2 Months| Acceptance Rate: 28%
SERUM HEPCIDIN PROFILES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A COMPARISON OF METFORMIN MONOTHERAPY AND COMBINED ANTIDIABETIC TREATMENT
Objective: To assess how serum hepcidin and ferritin concentration is related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in patients taking metformin as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic drugs. Duration and place of study: This study was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore from September 2024 to September 2025 Methodology: The present observational case-control study involved 150 participants of both genders, each being divided into three equal categories; control group of healthy individuals with no diabetes, a group of patients with T2DM who were administered metformin in monotherapy, and a group of patients with T2DM who were treated with metformin in combination with other antidiabetic medications. Glucose oxidase-peroxidase was used to determine the fasting plasma glucose, and high-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure glycated haemoglobin. Standard enzymatic methods were used to measure parameters of lipid profiles. The serum ferritin, insulin, and hepcidin levels were determined through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was used to calculate insulin resistance. Statistical analysis was done with a version of SPSS 26. Results: Out of the 150 participants, there were equal representations of male and female members of all categories. Both diabetic groups had significantly high glycaemic parameters such as fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin compared to controls (p<0.05). The serum ferritin was found to be highly increased in patients with T2DM in comparison to the controls, with a significant difference in hepcidin levels among the treatment groups (p<0.05). There was a relatively lower level of hepcidin and ferritin in patients who were receiving metformin as a monotherapy compared to patients who were receiving combination therapy. Hepcidin had a significant negative relationship with glycated haemoglobin in the metformin-only group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that hepatocyte growth hormone (Hepcidin) and ferritin are closely associated with glycaemic control and iron metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metformin, especially as a monotherapy, can play a role in better regulation of these biomarkers, implying a possible role in addition to glucose lowering in T2DM pathophysiology and prognosis.
Ferritin, Hepcidin, Insulin Resistance, Metformin, Combination Therapy, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
NEUTROPHIL–LYMPHOCYTE RATIO DERIVED FROM ROUTINE BLOOD COUNTS AS A PREDICTOR OF SEVERITY IN ACUTE APPENDICITIS: A HOSPITAL-BASED ANALYTICAL STUDY
Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies worldwide, with disease severity being a major determinant of morbidity and outcomes. Conventional laboratory markers such as total leukocyte count and C-reactive protein have limited ability to reliably predict severity. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived from routine complete blood count parameters, has emerged as a simple inflammatory marker that may aid in prognostic stratification. However, evidence correlating NLR with histopathologically confirmed severity of appendicitis, particularly in the Indian setting, remains limited. Objectives: To manually calculate the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio from complete blood count in patients with acute appendicitis and to evaluate its utility in assessing disease severity and predicting complicated appendicitis. Methods: A hospital-based analytical study was conducted over 12 months in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Adult patients with clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis who underwent emergency appendectomy were consecutively enrolled. Absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts obtained at admission were used to manually calculate NLR. Intraoperative findings were documented, and resected appendiceal specimens were subjected to histopathological examination, which served as the reference standard. Appendicitis was classified as moderate or severe, and complicated appendicitis was defined by perforation or gangrene. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the prognostic performance of NLR. Results: A total of 71 patients were included, with a mean age predominantly between 19 and 40 years and male predominance (63.4%). Histologically confirmed appendicitis was present in 64 patients (90.1%). Among confirmed cases, 38 (53.5%) had moderate appendicitis and 26 (36.6%) had severe appendicitis. Complicated appendicitis was observed in 17 patients (23.9%). An NLR cut-off of ≥5.7 differentiated moderate from severe appendicitis with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.998, sensitivity of 96.15%, and specificity of 100%. An NLR cut-off >11.6 predicted complicated appendicitis with an AUC of 0.991, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 98.18%. NLR showed poor diagnostic performance for early appendicitis (AUC 0.563). Conclusion: The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio is a highly effective prognostic marker for assessing severity and predicting complications in acute appendicitis. While it has limited diagnostic utility, its excellent performance in severity stratification supports its use as a simple, cost-effective adjunct to clinical evaluation, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Appendicitis, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Disease Severity, Inflammation, Prognosis, Appendectomy, Complete Blood Count.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asian Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences (A-JMRHS) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
EFFICACY OF 3% HYPERTONIC SALINE VS 20% MANNITOL IN REDUCING CEREBRAL OEDEMA OF NONTRAUMATIC ETIOLOGY IN PICU ADMITTED CHILDREN: A COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of 3% hypertonic saline and mannitol in children with cerebral edema. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the PICU of a tertiary care hospital, including 60 children (3 months-14 years) with non-traumatic cerebral edema, PT INR ≤1.5, and at least one reactive pupil. Exclusion criteria included seizure disorders, hepatic encephalopathy, anoxic spells, cerebral malaria, renal dysfunction, intracranial bleed, and renal failure. Participants were divided into two groups by simple randomization; Group A (n = 30) received mannitol, while Group B (n = 30) was treated with 3% saline. MAP, serum electrolytes, osmolality were monitored and neurological status was assessed using the GCS. Results: The mean age was comparable between groups. Fever was the most common symptom and meningoencephalitis was the leading cause of cerebral edema. Group B showed significantly faster improvement in GCS scores at 12, 24, and 48 hours. The duration of coma was significantly shorter in Group B (48.43 ± 18.61 hrs) than Group A (71.50 ± 17.59 hrs; p = 0.001). Serum sodium and chloride levels increased in Group B but remained within safe limits. No significant differences were observed in potassium, renal function markers, osmolality, or mortality between the groups. Conclusion: 3% hypertonic saline was found to be more effective than mannitol in improving neurological outcomes in children with non-traumatic cerebral edema, without adverse effects. It may be a preferred choice in patients with hypotension.
Mannitol, 3% Hypertonic Saline, Children, Cerebral Oedema, Picu, Nontraumatic.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PROFILE AND MANAGEMENT OF SINONASAL MASSES IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Background: Sinonasal masses comprise a wide range of inflammatory, benign, and malignant lesions that often present with similar symptoms. Accurate diagnosis is essential due to the proximity of the sinonasal region to vital structures. Objectives: To study the clinical presentation, pathological profile, radiological findings, and treatment outcomes of sinonasal masses. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of ENT, Kurnool Medical College after approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC No: KMC/IEC/2023-24/ENT/274). Patients with sinonasal masses underwent clinical evaluation, diagnostic nasal endoscopy, imaging, and histopathological examination. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Eighty patients were included. Non-neoplastic lesions were most common (63.8%), followed by benign tumors (22.5%) and malignancies (13.7%). Nasal obstruction was the most frequent symptom. Inflammatory nasal polyps were the most common diagnosis. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was the primary treatment in most patients. Conclusion: Sinonasal masses are predominantly inflammatory and benign. Early diagnosis using nasal endoscopy and imaging allows effective management, while malignant lesions require multimodality treatment.
Sinonasal Mass, Nasal Polyp, Inverted Papilloma, FESS, Sinonasal Tumor.
REPROGRAMMING CELL DEATH PATHWAYS FOR THERAPEUTIC GAIN
Background: Failure of conventional therapies in cancer inflammatory and degenerative diseases is frequently driven by resistance to cell death rather than lack of target engagement. Regulated cell death pathways beyond apoptosis have therefore gained increasing clinical relevance as therapeutic targets capable of overcoming treatment resistance or limiting tissue injury. Methods: Open access PubMed indexed studies evaluating pharmacological or molecular modulation of regulated cell death pathways were systematically reviewed. Thirteen experimental studies with therapeutic intent and mechanistic validation were included and synthesized to assess clinical relevance and translational potential. Results: Apoptosis directed therapies achieved tumor regression but were commonly undermined by resistance mechanisms. Targeting necroptosis and pyroptosis reduced inflammatory tissue damage in ischemic and immune mediated conditions while promoting immunogenic tumor cell death in apoptosis resistant cancers. Ferroptosis targeting demonstrated marked efficacy in therapy refractory malignancies and protective effects in neurodegenerative models. Combination and network level targeting strategies consistently outperformed single pathway interventions. Conclusions: Therapeutic modulation of regulated cell death pathways offers clinically actionable opportunities to overcome resistance and tailor disease specific interventions. Translation into patient benefit will depend on biomarker guided pathway selection and rational combination strategies.
Regulated Cell Death, Apoptosis, Necroptosis, Pyroptosis, Ferroptosis, Cell Death Signaling Networks, Therapeutic Targeting, Drug Resistance, Immunogenic Cell Death.
FACIAL NERVE INJURY IN TEMPORAL BONE FRACTURES DUE TO ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: RADIOLOGICAL PREDICTORS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
Background: Temporal bone fractures are a frequent consequence of high-velocity road traffic accidents and are often associated with facial nerve injury, a complication that significantly affects functional, psychological, and social outcomes. Early identification of radiological predictors of facial nerve involvement is crucial for timely intervention and prognostication. Despite advances in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), variability persists in predicting facial nerve injury and correlating imaging findings with clinical outcomes. Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of facial nerve injury in patients with temporal bone fractures resulting from road traffic accidents, to identify radiological predictors associated with facial nerve involvement, and to assess clinical outcomes following conservative or surgical management in a tertiary care hospital setting. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study will be conducted at a tertiary care hospital over a defined study period. Patients presenting with temporal bone fractures secondary to road traffic accidents will be enrolled based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All participants will undergo detailed clinical evaluation, including facial nerve assessment using the House–Brackmann grading system, and radiological evaluation using high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone. Radiological parameters such as fracture orientation, involvement of the facial nerve canal, otic capsule violation, and associated intracranial injuries will be analyzed. Clinical outcomes will be assessed during follow-up, focusing on facial nerve recovery, hearing status, and need for surgical intervention. Statistical analysis will be performed to determine significant associations between radiological predictors and clinical outcomes. Results: The study is expected to demonstrate a significant association between specific radiological features particularly facial nerve canal involvement, transverse or mixed fracture patterns, and otic capsule violation and the severity as well as prognosis of facial nerve injury. Early radiological predictors are anticipated to correlate strongly with poorer facial nerve outcomes and increased need for surgical management. Conclusion: Radiological evaluation using HRCT plays a pivotal role in predicting facial nerve injury and guiding management strategies in temporal bone fractures due to road traffic accidents. Identification of reliable imaging predictors enables early risk stratification, optimized treatment planning, and improved functional outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of an integrated radiological–clinical approach in the management of temporal bone trauma at tertiary care cente.
Temporal Bone Fracture, Facial Nerve Injury, Road Traffic Accidents, High-Resolution Computed Tomography, Radiological Predictors, Clinical Outcomes, Tertiary Care Hospital.
EXPLORING ANGELICA GLAUCA: BOTANICAL RELEVANCE AND MODERN CONSERVATION STRATEGIES
Native of the moderate and mountainous parts of the Western Himalaya, Angelica glauca Edgew., also referred to as Choraka, of Himalayas Angelica, is a valuable medicinal and fragrant plant. The species is well-known in traditional medical systems for its therapeutic qualities and is used to treat inflammatory, pulmonary, and digestive diseases. A. glauca's sturdy permanent habit, hollowed aromatic stems, broad veined blades, and interconnected umbels are among its botanical characteristics that help explain its ecological resilience in high-altitude settings. Despite its significance, the species' natural populations have rapidly declined due to unchecked mining, degraded habitat, and climate change, placing it under vulnerable status. The taxonomic classification, morphology, phytochemical composition, along with traditional medicinal use of Angelica glauca are highlighted in this overview of the plant's botanical significance. It also looks at modern conservation tactics, including as cultivation methods, tissue culture techniques, in situ and ex situ methodologies, along with regulatory-driven sustainable harvesting frameworks. One important strategy for guaranteeing the long-term survival of species is the integration of traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific solutions. The study emphasises the critical need for interdisciplinary conservation initiatives to safeguard A. glauca and encourage its sustainable use for coming generations.
Angelica Glauca, Himalayan Angelica, Medicinal Plant, Botanical Characterization, Ethnomedicine, Phytochemistry, Conservation Biology.
OUTCOMES OF FIXATION VERSUS REPLACEMENT FOR EARLY SURGICAL TREATMENT OF FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Background: In patients aged 60-80 years, the decision between internal fixation and arthroplasty remains controversial due to various factors like age, impaired mobility, poor balance and delayed reaction time. We conducted this study to see the outcomes of early surgical intervention in femoral neck fractures in the elderly patients and to compare the results of fixation and replacement. Materials & Methods: Patients with fracture neck of femur over age of 60 who went under early surgical intervention were selected retrospectively. These surgically treated patients were divided into 2 groups: fixation and replacement. In Fixation group, 3 patients were treated with cannulated cancellous screws and 22 with mini dynamic hip screws, whereas in replacement group 54 were treated with partial hip replacement and 21 with total hip replacement. Post operatively patients were assessed with modified barthel’s index (MBI), harris hip scores (HHS), SF-36 scoring & visual analouge scale (VAS) at discharge, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1-year follow-up visits. Results: The patients undergoing arthroplasty having had a 1.5 times better modified barthel’s index score compared to fixation at 1 year. The harris hip scores had a 1.7 times better score compared to fixation at 1 year. All 9 sub-components of harris hip scores, all 8 sub-components of SF-36 questionnaire as well as range of motions sub-components at discharge v/s 6 months & discharge v/s 1 year when compared, showed a significantly higher score in both arthroplasty & fixation patients at 6 months & 1 year compared to scores at discharge. Conclusion: Functional outcomes were better in the patients treated with arthroplasty compared to fixation of the neck femur fracture over a 1 year period in the elderly population in India.
Femoral Neck Fractures, Internal Fixation, Hip Arthroplasty.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE COUNT IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Background: Liver cirrhosis is a gradual and irreversible chronic hepatic condition marked by fibrosis and regenerating nodules. Identifying dependable, cost-effective, and accessible prognostic indicators is essential for informing therapeutic decisions and enhancing patient outcomes. Recently, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a measure of systemic inflammation, has surfaced as a potential prognostic marker in numerous diseases, including cancers, cardiovascular disorders, and chronic liver diseases. Aims: To evaluate the NLR in patients with liver cirrhosis and to determine the correlation between NLR and the severity of liver cirrhosis using Child-Pugh and MELD scoring systems. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital from January to June 2025. Seventy patients identified with liver cirrhosis validated through clinical, biochemical, and radiological assessments—were included. Individuals with simultaneous infections, cancers, or autoimmune diseases were excluded. Complete blood counts were acquired upon admission, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was determined by dividing the absolute neutrophil count by the absolute lymphocyte count. Patients were categorized based on Child-Pugh and MELD scores to evaluate illness severity. The correlation between NLR and clinical outcomes, such as hepatic decompensation, length of hospitalization, and mortality, was examined utilizing suitable statistical techniques. Results: The mean NLR value was considerably higher in individuals with decompensated cirrhosis relative to those with compensated illness (6.2 vs. 2.8, p < 0.01). Patients classified as Child-Pugh class C exhibited significantly higher NLR levels than those in classes A and B. A positive association was identified between NLR and MELD scores (r = 0.49, p < 0.01), signifying deteriorating liver function with heightened inflammatory response. Moreover, those exhibiting elevated NLR values (>5.0) experienced prolonged hospitalizations and an increased in-hospital mortality rate. Conclusion: The NLR is a simple, cost-effective and easily available biomarker that has a substantial correlation with the severity of liver cirrhosis and clinical outcomes. Increased NLR correlates with heightened illness severity scores, augmented risk of comorbidities, and elevated mortality rates.
Child-Pugh Score, Inflammation, Liver Cirrhosis, MELD Score, Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio, Prognostic Marker.
POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOME IN OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION OF FEMUR FRACTURES WITH AND WITHOUT CLOSED SUCTION WOUND DRAINAGE – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Background: The routine use of closed suction wound drainage (CSD) following orthopedic surgeries remains controversial. While drains are traditionally believed to reduce postoperative hematoma and surgical site infection (SSI), emerging evidence questions their routine application, particularly in fracture fixation surgeries. Objectives: To compare postoperative outcomes following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of femur fractures with and without closed suction wound drainage. Methods: This prospective randomized comparative study was conducted on 56 adult patients undergoing ORIF for closed femur fractures at a tertiary care center. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A (with closed suction drain, n=28) and Group B (without drain, n=28). Outcomes assessed included incidence of surgical site infection, wound soakage, perioperative blood loss, need for blood transfusion and duration of hospital stay. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding surgical site infection, postoperative pain scores, blood loss, or length of hospital stay (p>0.05). Dressing soakage was more frequent in the non-drain group, but this difference was not statistically significant. The use of closed suction drainage did not demonstrate any additional benefit in reducing postoperative complications. Conclusion: Routine use of closed suction wound drainage following ORIF of femur fractures does not significantly improve postoperative outcomes and may be safely omitted in uncomplicated cases.
Femur fracture, ORIF, closed suction drain, surgical site infection, and postoperative outcome.
ONDANSETRON VS DEXAMETHASONE FOR PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) continues to be a prevalent and disturbing complication after laparoscopic surgery, resulting in patient discomfort, delayed recovery, and extended hospital stays. The prevalence of PONV is notably elevated following laparoscopic surgeries, attributed to pneumoperitoneum and the administration of anesthetic drugs. Ondansetron and dexamethasone are often utilized antiemetics; nonetheless, comparative data are still few. Aims: To compare the effectiveness of ondansetron and dexamethasone in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 12 months in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 90 patients aged 18–65 years, belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgeries were included. Patients were allocated into two groups based on the antiemetic administered as part of routine anesthetic care. Group O (n = 45) received intravenous ondansetron 4 mg, while Group D (n = 45) received intravenous dexamethasone 8 mg at induction of anesthesia. Standard anesthetic techniques were followed for all patients. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed at 0–6 hours, 6–12 hours, and 12–24 hours using a standardized scoring system. The need for rescue antiemetics and incidence of adverse effects were recorded. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The incidence of PONV within 24 hours postoperatively was reduced in the ondansetron group relative to the dexamethasone group, however the difference was not statistically significant across all time intervals. Early postoperative nausea (0–6 hours) occurred less frequently in patients administered ondansetron. The necessity for rescue antiemetic medication was slightly elevated in the dexamethasone cohort. Both medications were well tolerated, with no major side effects observed in either group. Conclusion: Both ondansetron and dexamethasone effectively diminished the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery. Ondansetron shown superior management of early postoperative symptoms, although dexamethasone had similar overall effectiveness. Either medication may be utilized well for PONV prophylaxis, contingent upon the patient's profile and clinical preference.
Antiemetic prophylaxis, Dexamethasone, Laparoscopic surgery, Ondansetron, Postoperative nausea and vomiting.
CORRELATION OF MICROALBUMINURIA ON THE SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS
Background: Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of illness and death in those with diabetes mellitus. Microalbuminuria has emerged as a prominent and early predictor of endothelial dysfunction and systemic vascular injury among the numerous markers used to predict cardiovascular risk in this population. Aim: To assess the correlation between microalbuminuria and the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was carried out over five months, from March 2025 to July 2025, in the cardiology department at Government Sivagangai Medical College, Tamilnadu, India. A total of 125 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who had coronary angiography to assess suspected or confirmed ischemic heart disease, were included. Individuals with established chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 3 or above), urinary tract infections, or significant proteinuria were excluded. Microalbuminuria was evaluated by the spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), and individuals were divided into two groups: Group A - Normoalbuminuria (ACR < 30 mg/g) and Group B - Microalbuminuria (ACR 30–300 mg/g) The severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) was assessed using coronary angiographic findings and quantified with the SYNTAX score. Information on demographics, diabetes duration, HbA1c levels, blood pressure, lipid profile, and body mass index (BMI) were documented and examined. Results: Among the 125 patients, 73 (58.4%) exhibited microalbuminuria. The average SYNTAX score in individuals with microalbuminuria was markedly elevated in comparison to those with normoalbuminuria (23.1 ± 7.4 vs. 14.6 ± 5.8, p < 0.001). A positive connection (r = 0.61, p < 0.01) was identified between urine ACR and SYNTAX scores. Additionally, patients in Group B exhibited a prolonged duration of diabetes, elevated HbA1c levels, and increased average systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is markedly correlated with heightened severity of CAD in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Microalbuminuria, being a non-invasive and readily accessible biomarker, can function as an early signal for cardiovascular risk assessment in diabetes patients. Timely identification and intervention may mitigate cardiovascular morbidity in this high-risk demographic.
Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio, Coronary Artery Disease, Microalbuminuria, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, SYNTAX Score.
SEASONAL TRENDS, DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RT-PCR CONFIRMED INFLUENZA A (H1N1) CASES IN RAIPUR, CHHATTISGARH
Background: Influenza A (H1N1) remains a significant public health concern, with seasonal outbreaks leading to considerable morbidity. Aim: To analyze the seasonal trends, demographic distribution, and clinical characteristics of RT-PCR confirmed Influenza A (H1N1) cases reported in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, in order to understand the epidemiological pattern, identify high-risk groups, and support effective public health planning and preventive measures. Methods: During the study period, 305 clinical samples were tested for Influenza A (H1N1) using RT-PCR, with a cycle threshold (CT) value ≤35 considered positive. Demographic, seasonal, and clinical symptom data were analyzed. Results: Of the 305 samples, 37 (12.13%) tested positive for H1N1. Gender distribution showed near-equal positivity between males (51.35%) and females (48.65%). The highest positivity rate was observed in the 11–20 years age group (23%), followed by the 41–60 years (13%) and 21–40 years (11%) groups. Seasonal analysis revealed a peak during the monsoon season (21 cases), followed by autumn (11 cases) and winter (4 cases), indicating a clear seasonal transmission pattern. Respiratory symptoms were predominant, with breathlessness and cough being the most common, while systemic symptoms such as fever, sore throat, nasal discharge, body ache, and abdominal pain were also frequently reported. Conclusion: H1N1 positivity showed no significant gender difference but varied across age groups and seasons, with monsoon being the peak period. Respiratory symptoms dominated the clinical profile. These findings highlight the importance of enhanced surveillance and targeted preventive measures during high-transmission seasons.
Influenza A (H1N1), RT-PCR, Molecular Diagnosis, Clinical Profile, Tertiary Care Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF PERINEURAL INVASION AND ITS IMPACT ON SURVIVAL IN BUCCAL MUCOSA CARCINOMAS: A 4-YEARS PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Background: Buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma is a common, aggressive oral malignancy in South Asia with variable survival influenced by histopathologic risk factors. Perineural invasion is linked to adverse outcomes in OSCC, but prospective buccal mucosa–specific evidence remains limited. Objectives: To assess the clinicopathological correlates of PNI and determine its impact on 12-month survival outcomes in patients with buccal mucosa carcinoma treated at a tertiary care centre. Methods: A prospective observational study included 30 consecutive patients (30–75 years) with biopsy-proven primary buccal mucosa SCC treated with curative intent at IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, from March 2022 to December 2025. Clinicodemographic, risk habit, imaging, staging, treatment, and histopathologic data were recorded. PNI was defined as tumour invasion of nerve sheaths or encirclement of ≥ one-third of the nerve circumference. Primary outcomes were 12-month OS and DFS, analysed using Kaplan–Meier, log-rank, and Cox regression. Results: PNI was identified in 12/30 (40.0%) patients. PNI positivity was significantly associated with DOI ≥ 10 mm (83.3% vs 33.3%, p=0.01), pN+ disease (66.7% vs 27.8%, p=0.04), and LVI (50.0% vs 16.7%, p=0.049). Twelve-month DFS was 50.0% in PNI-positive patient compared with specific 83.3% in PNI-negative patients (log-rank p=0.03). Twelve-month OS was 75.0% in PNI-positive vs 94.4% in PNI-negative patients (log-rank p=0.12). In a multivariable Cox model adjusting for DOI and pN status, PNI remained independently associated with poorer DFS (HR 3.10, 95% CI 1.02–9.39; p=0.046). Conclusion: PNI is common in buccal mucosa carcinoma and correlates with aggressive pathological features. In this prospective cohort (illustrative analysis), PNI was associated with significantly reduced DFS at 12 months. Routine PNI reporting and risk-adapted adjuvant therapy and surveillance are recommended.
Buccal Mucosa Carcinoma, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Perineural Invasion, Depth of Invasion, Nodal Metastasis, Survival, Prospective Study.
PRECLINICAL COCHLEAR DYSFUNCTION DETECTION THROUGH INTRA-INDIVIDUAL EAR COMPARISON IN HABITUAL MOBILE PHONE USERS: A PURE TONE AUDIOMETRY STUDY AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Introduction: Prolonged mobile phone use has generated apprehensions about subtle auditory effects resulting from chronic unilateral exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) and acoustic stimulation. Identifying early cochlear dysfunction prior to the manifestation of clinically significant hearing loss continues to be a public health imperative. This study sought to identify preclinical cochlear alterations by comparing hearing thresholds between the predominantly exposed ear and the contralateral ear in habitual mobile phone users. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed. A pretested, structured questionnaire was given to all participants to collect data. Self-reported auditory complaints, such as tinnitus, ear discomfort, or perceived hearing difficulties, were collected within the questionnaire. Tympanometry and pure tone audiometry was conducted as a part of audiology testing. Paired t-test was used to compare the pure tone hearing thresholds of the exposed and unexposed ear. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: At higher and speech-related frequencies, the predominantly exposed ear exhibited significantly increased thresholds (p<0.05), indicating early cochlear stress, although the values remained within clinically normal limits. Correlation analysis revealed a weak yet statistically significant positive correlation between the duration of daily mobile phone usage and hearing thresholds in the predominantly exposed ear (Pearson’s r = 0.28, p = 0.006). Conclusion: The present study shows that the ear that is mostly exposed to mobile phones in medical students who use them frequently has much higher hearing thresholds than the ear that is not exposed to mobile phones.
IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL WELFARE POLICIES IN TAMIL NADU
Every government's only objective is to enhance and transform its respective society. They establish a social compact between the government and the people in order to accomplish this. These laws contain obligations and rights created for the benefit of all members. In a perfect world, citizens would support the government administration by paying taxes and working with it to accomplish its objectives. In exchange, the government enacts laws to protect the social lives of its people. The foundation of social welfare policy, which directs government initiatives to help those in need, is the notion that a government has a duty to safeguard its citizens. The theory states that a society can only flourish if it protects people whose well-being is under danger. Programs that provide public services as well as financial and other support to satisfy specific needs are governed by social welfare policy. For the development of the society's weaker groups, the Tamil Nadu government has implemented a number of social welfare measures. Even though the policies may be well-structured, they are worthless if they are not carried out as intended. The study makes an effort to assess Tamil Nadu's social welfare policies implementation issues by using a documentary and analytical approach to reach a conclusion.
Policies, Justice, Government, Problems, Implementation.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE CLINICAL RADIOLOGICAL MICROBIOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CORRELATION OF BRONCHIECTASIS
Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic suppurative lung disease characterized by irreversible bronchial dilatation resulting from recurrent infection and inflammation. The disease exhibits marked heterogeneity in clinical presentation, radiological patterns, microbiological colonization, and functional impairment. An integrated evaluation of these parameters is essential for understanding disease severity, predicting outcomes, and optimizing patient management in clinical practice. Aim: To evaluate clinical, radiological, microbiological and lung function profiles of bronchiectasis, and assess disease severity using FACED and Bronchiectasis Severity Index scores. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary care hospital in South India. A total of 60 adult inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with bronchiectasis were included. Detailed demographic data, clinical symptoms, duration of illness, comorbidities, exposure history, and examination findings were recorded. Radiological evaluation included chest X-ray and HRCT assessment for lobar involvement and morphological type. Sputum samples were analyzed for microbiological pathogens. Pulmonary function testing was performed using spirometry, and dyspnoea was graded using the modified Medical Research Council scale. Disease severity was assessed using FACED and BSI scores. Statistical analysis was carried out using appropriate descriptive and inferential methods, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae was the most common aetiology, observed in 40 (66.7%) patients. Cough (58, 96.7%) and dyspnoea (56, 93.3%) were the predominant symptoms. Sputum culture was positive in 36 (60%) patients, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most common isolate (17, 28.3%). HRCT revealed predominant lower lobe involvement, and cystic bronchiectasis was the most frequent morphological pattern (40, 66.7%). Spirometry showed mixed ventilatory defects in 19 (31.7%) patients. FACED scoring classified 39 (65.0%) patients as having mild disease, whereas BSI scoring identified 33 (55.0%) patients as having severe bronchiectasis. Exacerbation frequency showed a significant correlation with BSI scores. Conclusion: Bronchiectasis in this study was predominantly post-tuberculous, with significant clinical symptoms, structural lung damage, chronic bacterial colonization, and functional impairment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was associated with higher disease severity. The Bronchiectasis Severity Index demonstrated better correlation with exacerbations and may be more useful for risk stratification and long-term management.
Bronchiectasis, Bronchiectasis Severity Index, FACED Score, High-Resolution Computed Tomography, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Pulmonary Function Test.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE VERSUS OPEN SUBFASCIAL PERFORATOR LIGATION IN GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN VARICOSE DISEASE: A CLINICAL OUTCOME ANALYSIS OF SEPS AND OSPL
Background: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), which mostly affects the lower extremities, causes varicose veins. Venous flow, symptoms, and prevention of venous ulcers and deep vein thrombosis are the goals of varicose vein treatment. CVI management requires interventions targeting incompetent veins, especially perforator veins that connect superficial and deep venous networks.1 Subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) is a less invasive alternative to open subfascial perforator ligation (OSPL), which involves larger incisions, wound problems, and a longer recovery time.2 SEPS and OSPL are compared in patients with GSV varicose veins with perforator incompetence to demonstrate their benefits and promote evidence-based surgical technique selection. Material and Methods: Institutionally-based interventional two-arm trial compares SEPS and OSPL in the management of great saphenous vein varicosities, conducted in the Department of General Surgery, SVRRGGH, S.V. Medical College, Tirupati, over one year following scientific and ethics committee approval, with a sample size of 60. The study includes patients aged 18–65 years undergoing surgery for varicose veins with involvement of the great saphenous vein, and excludes pregnant or lactating women, morbidly obese patients, those with poorly controlled comorbidities, prior surgery for varicosities on the same leg, and patients deemed unfit for anaesthesia. Results: Sixty patients were randomized equally to SEPS (n=30) and OSPL (n=30) groups. Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, physical activity, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, CEAP class, and Doppler findings, were comparable between groups (all p > 0.05). Mean operative time was significantly longer in the SEPS group than in the OSPL (82.4 ± 15.2 vs 60.1 ± 12.8 minutes, p < 0.001), and early postoperative pain was higher in the SEPS group on day 1 and day 3 (p = 0.032 and p = 0.045, respectively), but similar by day 7. Conclusion: SEPS and OSPL cure GSV varicosities with perforator incompetence safely and effectively, with similar clinical, complication, and long-term outcomes. SEPS features smaller incisions, less tissue dissection, and better cosmetic results but takes longer and causes greater early postoperative pain. Patients who value aesthetics and minimally invasive surgery may consider it. With its reduced surgical time and easier methodology, OSPL is a viable alternative when finances or endoscopic experience are restricted. Choose between the two operations based on patient preference, clinical profile, and surgeon expertise.
Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery, Open Subfascial Perforator Ligation, Chronic Venous Insufficiency, Great Saphenous Vein Varicose Disease.
WHEN THE APPENDIX LIES: A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL AUDIT OF NEGATIVE APPENDECTOMIES
Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies. Despite advances in diagnostic modalities, negative appendectomy continues to pose a clinical challenge. Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of negative appendectomies and analyze clinicopathological correlates in patients undergoing appendectomy. Materials and Methods: This retrospective clinicopathological audit was conducted at TRR Institute of Medical Sciences, Sangareddy district, Telangana, over a one-year period (January 2024–January 2025). Clinical, radiological, intraoperative, and histopathological findings of appendectomy specimens were analyzed. Negative appendectomy was defined as absence of histological features of acute appendicitis. Results: A total of 56 appendectomy specimens were studied. Histopathology revealed acute appendicitis in 34 cases (60.7%), complicated appendicitis in 8 cases (14.3%), and negative appendectomy in 14 cases (25%). Negative appendectomy showed female predominance and was most common in the 20–35 year age group. Normal appendix and lymphoid hyperplasia were the most frequent findings. Conclusion: Negative appendectomy remains a significant concern. Histopathological examination plays a crucial role in definitive diagnosis and in identifying mimickers of acute appendicitis.
Negative Appendectomy, Acute Appendicitis, Histopathology, Clinicopathological Correlation, Appendix.
DRAIN VERSUS NO DRAIN FOLLOWING ELECTIVE ABDOMINAL SURGERY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
drains are traditionally employed to detect early complications and prevent fluid collection, their role in uncomplicated elective procedures has been increasingly questioned due to potential discomfort, infection risk, and prolonged hospital stay. Objective: To compare postoperative outcomes between patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with routine drain placement and those without drains. Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital over an 18-month period. A total of 56 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were included and divided into two groups: drain group [n = 28] and no-drain group [n = 28]. Postoperative outcomes assessed included surgical site infection, seroma or collection, postoperative pain scores, time to ambulation, and length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests, with a p value <0.05 considered significant. Results: The incidence of surgical site infection was comparable between the drain and no-drain groups [14.3% vs 10.7%]. Seroma formation occurred in 3 patients in the drain group and 2 patients in the no-drain group. Mean postoperative pain scores were higher in the drain group on postoperative day one [5.1 ± 0.9 vs 3.8 ± 0.8]. The mean hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with drains [6.2 ± 1.4 days] compared to those without drains [4.5 ± 1.2 days]. No significant difference was observed in major postoperative complications between the two groups. Conclusion: Routine drain placement following uncomplicated elective abdominal surgery does not confer a clear advantage in reducing postoperative complications and may be associated with increased pain and prolonged hospital stay. Selective rather than routine use of drains appears to be a more appropriate strategy.
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF INTRAOPERATIVE AND EARLY POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN TOTAL LAPAROSCOPIC HYSTERECTOMY A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 100 CASES
Background: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is a minimally invasive alternative to abdominal hysterectomy, offering benefits such as reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery. However, TLH is associated with unique intraoperative and postoperative complications. Objective: To evaluate intraoperative and early postoperative complications in patients undergoing TLH. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 consecutive patients who underwent TLH at a tertiary care center from September 2014 to August 2015. Data on patient demographics, operative time, intraoperative events, conversion rates, and complications within 24 hours post-surgery were systematically collected. Results: The mean age was 47.1 years, and mean BMI was 26.49 kg/m². Fibroids were the most common indication (48%). Mean operative time was 143.45 minutes, and mean hospital stay was 2.8 days. One case required conversion to laparotomy due to dense adhesions. No intraoperative bladder, bowel, or ureteral injuries occurred. Early postoperative complications were minimal: fever (1%), subcutaneous emphysema (1%), hematoma (1%), and hemorrhage requiring transfusion (1%). Conclusion: TLH is a safe procedure with low complication rates when performed by trained surgeons. Meticulous technique, preoperative planning, and surgeon experience are key to minimizing risks, even in patients with high BMI or previous abdominal surgery.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences (A-JMRHS) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
EFFECT OF MOBILE PHONES ON NORMAL LIFESTYLE AND HEALTH OF STUDENTS
Background: Mobile phones have now become an integr al par t of life. It is essential in many fields for var ious purposes. Mobile phones serve us with countless perks like a music player, games, internet, video camera, calculator, alarm clock and many more. Due to these endless benefits, the total mobile subscription has increased to 7.9 billion. But every coin has two sides. Similarly, mobile phones have a negative side too. It has now become an addiction. Constant usage and addiction to cell phones have affected people physically, psychologically, and socially. The pre- sent study was done on 480 medical students who have been using mobile phones for more than a year. 23 questions were asked of the participants through a Google form, and feedback was recorded. Only a small proportion about 8% reported using their mobile phones primarily for academic purposes. This study will help in providing knowledge for the prevention of mobile-related problems and methods to reduce the usage of mobile phones by diverting to other activities. The outcome of this study will help to enhance the quality-of-life parameters of medical students.
A COMMUNITY BASED STUDY ON IMPACT OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ON THE FAMILY MEMBERS OF ALCOHOLICS IN A RURAL VILLAGE OF TELANGANA
Background: Alcohol is one of the most deadly and harmful substances in the world, causing millions of avoidable deaths annuallymost of the time, even without realizing it, people become pathetically enmeshed in this deadly and terrible drinking habit. The present study was conducted with objectives to assess the pattern of alcohol consumption among people residing in the village and to determine the impact of alcohol use on family members of alcoholics es- pecially on abuse, psychological issues and social & financial aspects. Material & Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study in the targeted village, which consisted of family members who were affected by alcohol. A predesigned pre tested questionnaire was used for data collection by interview technique among the family member. Impact of alcohol such as abuse, financial implications, social problems and psychological aspects such as depression, anxiety and stress was assessed. Results: Physical abuse was observed in about one thirds [31.5%) of alcoholics fami- lies and psychological abuse in 40.7%. Ten [18.5%) families faced issues of quarrel within family and quarrel with neighbours. Depression was found in 14.8% of alcoholic families and One fourth of the alcoholic families [25.9%) had anxiety. Stress was found in 12.9% of alcoholic families. Conclusions: Present study found an overall significant impact of alcohol on the families. Abuse including both physical and psychological abuse was significantly more in alcoholic families compared to non alcoholic families. Depression, anxiety and stress was also reported more in alco-holic families
ASSESSING THE OUTCOME OF 90% TRICHLOROACETIC ACID BY CHEMICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF SKIN SCARS TECHNIQUE IN THE PATIENTS WITH ICE PICK ACNE SCARS
applied locally on the acne scars to ultimately attain collagenization by initiating the process of inflammation. This in turn can reduce the appearance of scars which is the desired cosmetic result for the patient. Material and Methods: 20 patients with predominantly atrophic ice pick post acne scars were treated with chemical reconstruction of skin scars technique, using 90% trichloroacetic acid, which was applied with a wooden toothpick, at 2 weekly settings for four sittings. The outcome was assessed on the basis of clinical assessment, Goodman and Baron Scale, patient’s feed back after the fourth treatment of treatment; clinical photographs at each sitting and at the three months follow up after the last treatment. Results: About 70% improvement was seen in 16 out of 20 patients and around 50% improvement was observed in the remaining 4 patients. No cosmetic disfigurement or significant side effects were noted. 3 months after the last treatment 2 patients noted a decrease in improvement. Conclusion: Chemical reconstruction of skin scars technique, using 90% trichloroacetic acid, is an effective modality for management of ice pick acne scars.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF LYMPH NODE LESIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Background: Lymph node lesions encompass a wide spectrum of infectious, reactive, and neoplastic conditions. Understanding their histopathological profile in relation to demographic and anatomical factors is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. Objectives: 1] To evaluate the histopathological spectrum of lymph node lesions in a tertiary care centre in the Hubballi–Dharwad region. 2] To analyse the correlation of these lesions with age, gender, and site of involvement. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, KMCRI Hubballi, from January 2024 to June 2025. A total of 62 lymph node lesions were evaluated for demographic details, anatomical distribution, and histopathological diagnosis. Results: The study demonstrated a marked male predominance [82.25%], with the highest frequency in the 41–50 years age group [27.43%]. Tubercular lymphadenitis was the most common diagnosis [27.42%], followed by metastatic deposits [24.19%], Non-Hodgkin lymphoma [14.52%], Hodgkin lymphoma [12.90%], and reactive lymphadenitis [12.91%]. Rare entities included Castleman’s and Kikuchi’s disease [1.61% each]. Age-specific trends were observed: tubercular lesions in young adults, metastatic deposits in older age groups, lymphomas in middle-aged individuals, and reactive lymphadenitis in children. Cervical lymph nodes were most frequently involved [40.3%], followed by supraclavicular [17.7%] and mesenteric nodes [16.1%], with metastatic deposits predominantly affecting supraclavicular and mesenteric regions. Conclusion: Lymph node lesions show distinct demographic, histopathological, and anatomical patterns. Middle-aged males constitute the primary affected population, tubercular lymphadenitis is the most common diagnosis, and cervical nodes are the predominant site. Recognition of these patterns can guide targeted diagnostic evaluation and improve patient management.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MRSA IN SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS A STUDY ON MICROBIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Background: Surgical site infections [SSIs] are represents a significant challenge in health care, and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] has become a major issue. The current research is, therefore, aimed to inves tigate the epidemiology of microbes associated with SSIs, with a major focus on the prevalence of MRSA and its accompanying resistance phenotypes. A sample size of 130 SSI specimens was taken to outline the microbial profile. Detection of MRSA was done through conventional phenotypic techniques, which were then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction [PCR], and the antibiotic resistance patterns also evaluated. Staphylococci species were the most commonly isolated microorganisms [52.3%], then Escherichia coli [20.0%],and Klebsiella spp. [16.1%]. Among the 61 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 45 [73.7%] isolates were found to be MRSA. Susceptibility testing showed marked resistance rates of erythromycin [66.7%] and clindamycin [51.1%] with better susceptibility to linezolid which was 97.8. The gene of mecA was identified in all MRSA isolates. These results highlight the need to have effective diagnostic modalities and excellent antibiotic stewardship. Continued surveillance and custom-designed infection control interventions play a crucial role in ensuring the successful management of the antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The research provides critical information on SSI epidemiology and the prevalence of MRSA, confirming the importance of molecular diagnostics and the need to be alert on the practice of infection control in the health care setting.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF NEBIVOLOL, BISOPROLOL, AND CARVEDILOL ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION.
cause of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems. Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress play key roles in the development of hypertension. Among β-blockers, nebivolol, bisoprolol, and carvedilol differ in their effects on vascu lar function and oxidative stress. This study compares the impact of these three drugs on endothelial function, oxida tive stress, and lipid profile in patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study conducted in a tertiary-care hospital over 24 months. A total of 468 patients with essential hypertension were randomly divided into three equal groups: Group A: Nebivolol 5 mg once daily, Group B: Bisoprolol 5 mg once daily and Group C: Carvedilol 6.25 mg twice daily. Patients were followed up for 60 days. Blood pressure, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers [MDA, SOD, GPx] were measured at base line and every 15 days. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v25, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: All three drugs reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly over 60 days [p < 0.001]. Nebivo lol showed the greatest reduction in blood pressure compared to bisoprolol and carvedilol. Lipid profile also improved in all groups, but nebivolol showed a higher increase in HDL and greater reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL. After 60 days, nebivolol showed a significant decrease in MDA and a greater increase in antioxidant en zymes [SOD and GPx], indicating better control of oxidative stress. Liver and kidney function tests remained within normal limits in all groups. Conclusion: Nebivolol proved to be more effective than bisoprolol and carvedilol in im proving endothelial function, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing lipid profile, along with effective blood pres sure control. It appears to be the most beneficial β-blocker for hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome.
ASSESSMENT OF METABOLIC, LIVER FUNCTION, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN NAFLD PATIENTS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] is a multifactorial condition characterized by hepatic steatosis, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Early identification of biochemical and oxidative alterations is crucial for risk stratification and management. This study aimed to compare metabolic, liver function, and oxidative stress parameters between NAFLD patients and healthy controls. Material and methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Index Medical College, Indore, India. A total of 400 participants were enrolled, comprising 200 NAFLD patients and 200 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were recorded. Fasting blood samples were collected for liver function tests, glycemic and lipid profile assessment, and measurement of oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. NAFLD severity was evaluated by abdominal ultrasonography and categorized as simple steatosis, non-fibrotic NASH, or NASH with fibrosis [≥F2]. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age of NAFLD patients was 45.2 ± 9.1 years, with 62% males. Cases had higher BMI and waist circumference. Liver enzymes were markedly elevated in NAFLD patients, with modest increases in ALP and total bilirubin. Metabolic abnormalities included higher fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, LDL-C, and lower HDL-C compared to controls. Oxidative stress analysis revealed higher malondialdehyde and lower SOD and catalase in NAFLD patients. Imaging showed 44% with simple steatosis, 37% with non-fibrotic NASH, and 19% with NASH with fibrosis. Conclusion: NAFLD is associated with significant alterations in liver function, metabolic profile, and oxidative stress markers. Comprehensive biochemical and oxidative assessment, along with imaging, can facilitate early identification and risk stratification of patients, potentially guiding targeted management strategies.
ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL INFECTION SUSPECTIBILITY IN RELATION TO ADENOSINE DEAMINASE AND GYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS; A CASE CONTROL STUDY IN NORTH WESTERN PART OF UTTAR PRADESH
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to secondary damage in various organ systems, particularly the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels. Materials & methods: The present study included 150 subjects, 75 of whom were cases of type 2 DM from the Outpatient Department of Varun arjun Medical College and Rohilkhand Hospital, and 75 healthy individuals as controls. Results: A total of 150 patients were recruited for the study, which included 43 patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and glycated hemoglobin levels greater than 8%, 32 patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and glycated hemoglobin levels of 8% or lower, and 75 healthy individuals who served as controls. The following parameters were analyzed: fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum adenosine deaminase (ADA). The results showed that blood sugar levels, mean HbA1c, and serum ADA levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p = 0.0001). The data was analyzed using SPSS software Conclusion: Increased ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) levels can indicate glycemic status and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Analyzing these levels helps assess glycemic control and can serve as an early warning for diabetic complications, allowing for preventive measures that improve health out comes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Brijendra Singh Hindoliya, Rajveer Singh, Junaid musarrat khan, K Vijay Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF HOW MEDICAL STAFF SERVICE QUALITY DIMENSIONS AFFECT PATIENT SATISFACTION USING THE SERVQUAL MODEL
Background: Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of the quality of medical services and overall healthcare performance. It reflects how well healthcare providers meet patients’ expectations regarding care, communication, treatment outcomes, and the hospital environment. Recognizing the growing importance of patient-centered care, this study examines how the quality of services provided by medical staff directly affects patient satisfaction in the hospital, using the SERVQUAL model's five dimensions: Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy, and Responsiveness. Methodology: Our study was a cross-sectional study conducted from April to June 2025 at JSS Hospital, a tertiary-level teaching hospital among 320 patients using a structured questionnaire based on the SERVQUAL model, adapted to the healthcare context. The instrument included 22 items covering five service quality dimensions—Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy, and Responsiveness—as well as items measuring overall satisfaction. Results: indicated that overall satisfaction was moderate [Mean = 3.32], with Responsiveness [2.53] and Empathy [2.50] scoring the highest, and Assurance [2.41] and Tangibles [2.39] scoring the lowest. A moderately strong positive relationship [R = 0.647, p < 0.001] existed between service quality and satisfaction, with the model accounting for 41.9% of the variance [R² = 0.419]. Regression showed Reliability, Empathy, and Responsiveness as significant predictors [p < 0.05]; Assurance and Tangibles were not. Conclusion: These findings underscore that enhancing Reliability, Empathy, and Responsiveness is crucial for increasing patient satisfaction, guiding administrators on where to focus improvements for better patient-centered care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Padmini Kumari Bathala, Lakkhumi. C.R, Rakshith R.B, Mohith Cherukuri, AL Ameen, Shashirekha B, Soubam Iboyaima Singh, Madhu.C.P (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0