Abstract
Background/objectives: To evaluate the role, variations and correlate the inflammatory markers such as C-reactive Protein (CRP), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) as well as to analyze the changes in hematological parameters at the site of varicose veins (in-situ).
Materials and methods: The study enrolled Thirty adult patients (both male and female, aged 18-64 years) with varicose veins. The study groups were divided into patients with varicose veins and a control group. Blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein of the control group and the patient group, and from the varicose vein in-situ of the patient group. Parameters assessed included Erythrocyte count, Leukocyte count, Hemoglobin concentration, Neutrophil and Lymphocyte count, ESR and serum high sensitivity CRP levels.
Results: Significant increase was found in Erythrocyte count, Leukocyte count, Neutrophil count, Lymphocyte count, NLR, ESR, and CRP levels in patients compared to healthy controls. There was also a significant increase in these parameters including Haemoglobin concentration in blood samples taken from varicose veins compared to systemic blood in patients. The study also found a strong correlation between the Erythrocyte count, Haemoglobin concentration, ESR, and CRP levels in systemic blood and varicose vein samples in patients.
Conclusion: Levels of inflammatory markers is significantly higher in blood samples collected from patients with varicose veins when compared to those from healthy controls, particularly at the site of varicose vein. This study confirms the hypothesis that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Therefore, our findings may have implications for the management of patients with varicose veins. Identifying and monitoring inflammatory markers in patients with varicose veins could help in early detection of potential complications and timely intervention along with finding targeted anti-inflammatory therapy for the management of the same.

Key words: Anti-inflammatory therapy, Anti-leukocyte therapy, Endothelial damage, Inflammation, Inflammatory markers, Varicose veins