MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN IN ADULT HUMAN DRY SKULLS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WITH CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

The infraorbital foramen (IOF) is an important anatomical landmark located on the anterior surface of the maxilla, approximately 6–10 mm below the infraorbital margin. It represents the external opening of the infraorbital canal through which the infraorbital nerve, artery, and vein emerge onto the face(12). The infraorbital nerve is a continuation of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve and provides sensory innervation to the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip, cheek, and adjacent facial skin. Due to its significant neurovascular contents and its relationship with surrounding facial structures, the infraorbital foramen holds considerable importance in clinical anatomy, dentistry, maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, and anesthesiology.