BENEFICIARY SATISFACTION AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN ICDS SERVICES AT ANGANWADI CENTERS IN RURAL JAIPUR: A MULTI-GROUP CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Introduction: Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a major public health program addressing child and maternal health in India. Beneficiary satisfaction influences service utilization and effectiveness. However, gaps in service quality, infrastructure, and communication persist. Limited multi-group evidence in rural settings highlights the need to assess satisfaction and its determinants to improve ICDS performance and outcomes. Materials and Methods: A 19-month community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in rural Jaipur, including 1052 ICDS beneficiaries selected through universal sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and observations. Satisfaction determinants were assessed, and data were analyzed using SPSS. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study enrolled 1052 beneficiaries across Anganwadi Centres, with children constituting the largest group (43.2%). Most participants belonged to lower socio-economic classes. Infrastructure was largely inadequate, though logistics were moderate. Service quality was acceptable but food irregularity was common. Presence of Anganwadi workers (AWWs) was satisfactory, but attitude and information delivery were concerns. Satisfaction varied significantly (p<0.001), with lower levels among children and lactating mothers. Conclusion: ICDS services in rural Jaipur show varied beneficiary satisfaction, with lower satisfaction among children and lactating mothers. Key determinants include infrastructure gaps, irregular nutrition supply, and limited AWWs communication. Strengthening service delivery, infrastructure, and worker capacity is essential to improve program effectiveness.