CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SIGNIFICANT CERVICULAR LYMPHADENOPATHY IN CHILDREN AGED 1-12 YEARS: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Abstract

Background: In  Enlarged cervical lymph nodes represent a frequently encountered condition in pediatric healthcare settings, presenting diagnostic challenges due to diverse underlying causes from minor infections to serious systemic disorders. Objective: This  investigation aimed to evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of notable cervical lymphadenopathy in pediatric patients and identify predominant causative factors. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational analysis involving 70 children aged 1-12 years presenting with cervical lymph nodes exceeding 1 cm. Comprehensive assessment included detailed clinical history, physical examination, hematological parameters, inflammatory markers, tuberculin testing, cytological evaluation, and 
microbial cultures. Results: The study population showed male  predominance [60%] with highest frequency in the 4-8 years age 
group [45.7%]. Primary clinical manifestations included neck swelling [90%], febrile episodes [85.7%], and respiratory symptoms  [49.7%]. Regional infections [51.4%] and mycobacterial infections [21.75%] constituted the majority of diagnosed cases. Cytological examination demonstrated reactive patterns in 72.8% and granulomatous inflammation in 17.1% of specimens. FNAC demonstrated 80% sensitivity for tuberculous lymphadenitis. Persistent lymph node enlargement beyond six weeks showed significant correlation with systemic conditions including tuberculosis and HIV infection. Conclusion: Pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy primarily stems from localized infections and mycobacterial disease. Fine needle aspiration cytology presents as a secure, efficient, and dependable initial investigative modality, particularly when integrated with tuberculin testing and inflammatory markers.