Asian Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences (A-JMRHS)
ISSN: 2583-7761 (Online) Asian Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences (A-JMRHS) Journal indexed in following major databases; are embedded with respective links. Go to the Indexed in page for more indexing information Indexed in: EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Data base), SHERPA Romeo, Google Scholar, Creative Commons (CC), ROAD (Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources). PKP Index & Crossref AJMRHS (ISSN: 2583-7761, Online) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to advancing knowledge in medicine and healthcare. It welcomes original research, comprehensive reviews, and scholarly articles that highlight recent developments in both clinical and basic medical sciences. Special emphasis is placed on areas such as epidemiology, translational medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, public health, healthcare systems, and health policy. Every manuscript submitted undergoes a meticulous peer-review and editorial evaluation to ensure originality, scientific rigor, and relevance. A-JMRHS serves as a global platform for medical practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to foster dialogue, exchange experiences, and share progress in fields ranging from disease prevention and treatment strategies to healthcare reform and policy-making. By facilitating communication across borders, the journal plays a vital role in promoting better health outcomes and enhancing healthcare delivery worldwide. The journal accepts manuscripts in the following forms: Original research articles Reviews Case reports Short communications Letters to editor Discussion papers Clinical Experience Clinicopathological correlation Book reviews and "How to do it" type articles describing new methods or procedures. Publication Frequency The journal had started in 2023 with three issues per year. Editorial Office A-JMRHS
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF INTRAOPERATIVE AND EARLY POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN TOTAL LAPAROSCOPIC HYSTERECTOMY A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 100 CASES
Background: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is a minimally invasive alternative to abdominal hysterectomy, offering benefits such as reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery. However, TLH is associated with unique intraoperative and postoperative complications. Objective: To evaluate intraoperative and early postoperative complications in patients undergoing TLH. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 consecutive patients who underwent TLH at a tertiary care center from September 2014 to August 2015. Data on patient demographics, operative time, intraoperative events, conversion rates, and complications within 24 hours post-surgery were systematically collected. Results: The mean age was 47.1 years, and mean BMI was 26.49 kg/m². Fibroids were the most common indication (48%). Mean operative time was 143.45 minutes, and mean hospital stay was 2.8 days. One case required conversion to laparotomy due to dense adhesions. No intraoperative bladder, bowel, or ureteral injuries occurred. Early postoperative complications were minimal: fever (1%), subcutaneous emphysema (1%), hematoma (1%), and hemorrhage requiring transfusion (1%). Conclusion: TLH is a safe procedure with low complication rates when performed by trained surgeons. Meticulous technique, preoperative planning, and surgeon experience are key to minimizing risks, even in patients with high BMI or previous abdominal surgery.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asian Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences (A-JMRHS) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
EFFECT OF MOBILE PHONES ON NORMAL LIFESTYLE AND HEALTH OF STUDENTS
Background: Mobile phones have now become an integr al par t of life. It is essential in many fields for var ious purposes. Mobile phones serve us with countless perks like a music player, games, internet, video camera, calculator, alarm clock and many more. Due to these endless benefits, the total mobile subscription has increased to 7.9 billion. But every coin has two sides. Similarly, mobile phones have a negative side too. It has now become an addiction. Constant usage and addiction to cell phones have affected people physically, psychologically, and socially. The pre- sent study was done on 480 medical students who have been using mobile phones for more than a year. 23 questions were asked of the participants through a Google form, and feedback was recorded. Only a small proportion about 8% reported using their mobile phones primarily for academic purposes. This study will help in providing knowledge for the prevention of mobile-related problems and methods to reduce the usage of mobile phones by diverting to other activities. The outcome of this study will help to enhance the quality-of-life parameters of medical students.
A COMMUNITY BASED STUDY ON IMPACT OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ON THE FAMILY MEMBERS OF ALCOHOLICS IN A RURAL VILLAGE OF TELANGANA
Background: Alcohol is one of the most deadly and harmful substances in the world, causing millions of avoidable deaths annuallymost of the time, even without realizing it, people become pathetically enmeshed in this deadly and terrible drinking habit. The present study was conducted with objectives to assess the pattern of alcohol consumption among people residing in the village and to determine the impact of alcohol use on family members of alcoholics es- pecially on abuse, psychological issues and social & financial aspects. Material & Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study in the targeted village, which consisted of family members who were affected by alcohol. A predesigned pre tested questionnaire was used for data collection by interview technique among the family member. Impact of alcohol such as abuse, financial implications, social problems and psychological aspects such as depression, anxiety and stress was assessed. Results: Physical abuse was observed in about one thirds [31.5%) of alcoholics fami- lies and psychological abuse in 40.7%. Ten [18.5%) families faced issues of quarrel within family and quarrel with neighbours. Depression was found in 14.8% of alcoholic families and One fourth of the alcoholic families [25.9%) had anxiety. Stress was found in 12.9% of alcoholic families. Conclusions: Present study found an overall significant impact of alcohol on the families. Abuse including both physical and psychological abuse was significantly more in alcoholic families compared to non alcoholic families. Depression, anxiety and stress was also reported more in alco-holic families
ASSESSING THE OUTCOME OF 90% TRICHLOROACETIC ACID BY CHEMICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF SKIN SCARS TECHNIQUE IN THE PATIENTS WITH ICE PICK ACNE SCARS
applied locally on the acne scars to ultimately attain collagenization by initiating the process of inflammation. This in turn can reduce the appearance of scars which is the desired cosmetic result for the patient. Material and Methods: 20 patients with predominantly atrophic ice pick post acne scars were treated with chemical reconstruction of skin scars technique, using 90% trichloroacetic acid, which was applied with a wooden toothpick, at 2 weekly settings for four sittings. The outcome was assessed on the basis of clinical assessment, Goodman and Baron Scale, patient’s feed back after the fourth treatment of treatment; clinical photographs at each sitting and at the three months follow up after the last treatment. Results: About 70% improvement was seen in 16 out of 20 patients and around 50% improvement was observed in the remaining 4 patients. No cosmetic disfigurement or significant side effects were noted. 3 months after the last treatment 2 patients noted a decrease in improvement. Conclusion: Chemical reconstruction of skin scars technique, using 90% trichloroacetic acid, is an effective modality for management of ice pick acne scars.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF LYMPH NODE LESIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Background: Lymph node lesions encompass a wide spectrum of infectious, reactive, and neoplastic conditions. Understanding their histopathological profile in relation to demographic and anatomical factors is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. Objectives: 1] To evaluate the histopathological spectrum of lymph node lesions in a tertiary care centre in the Hubballi–Dharwad region. 2] To analyse the correlation of these lesions with age, gender, and site of involvement. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, KMCRI Hubballi, from January 2024 to June 2025. A total of 62 lymph node lesions were evaluated for demographic details, anatomical distribution, and histopathological diagnosis. Results: The study demonstrated a marked male predominance [82.25%], with the highest frequency in the 41–50 years age group [27.43%]. Tubercular lymphadenitis was the most common diagnosis [27.42%], followed by metastatic deposits [24.19%], Non-Hodgkin lymphoma [14.52%], Hodgkin lymphoma [12.90%], and reactive lymphadenitis [12.91%]. Rare entities included Castleman’s and Kikuchi’s disease [1.61% each]. Age-specific trends were observed: tubercular lesions in young adults, metastatic deposits in older age groups, lymphomas in middle-aged individuals, and reactive lymphadenitis in children. Cervical lymph nodes were most frequently involved [40.3%], followed by supraclavicular [17.7%] and mesenteric nodes [16.1%], with metastatic deposits predominantly affecting supraclavicular and mesenteric regions. Conclusion: Lymph node lesions show distinct demographic, histopathological, and anatomical patterns. Middle-aged males constitute the primary affected population, tubercular lymphadenitis is the most common diagnosis, and cervical nodes are the predominant site. Recognition of these patterns can guide targeted diagnostic evaluation and improve patient management.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MRSA IN SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS A STUDY ON MICROBIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Background: Surgical site infections [SSIs] are represents a significant challenge in health care, and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] has become a major issue. The current research is, therefore, aimed to inves tigate the epidemiology of microbes associated with SSIs, with a major focus on the prevalence of MRSA and its accompanying resistance phenotypes. A sample size of 130 SSI specimens was taken to outline the microbial profile. Detection of MRSA was done through conventional phenotypic techniques, which were then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction [PCR], and the antibiotic resistance patterns also evaluated. Staphylococci species were the most commonly isolated microorganisms [52.3%], then Escherichia coli [20.0%],and Klebsiella spp. [16.1%]. Among the 61 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 45 [73.7%] isolates were found to be MRSA. Susceptibility testing showed marked resistance rates of erythromycin [66.7%] and clindamycin [51.1%] with better susceptibility to linezolid which was 97.8. The gene of mecA was identified in all MRSA isolates. These results highlight the need to have effective diagnostic modalities and excellent antibiotic stewardship. Continued surveillance and custom-designed infection control interventions play a crucial role in ensuring the successful management of the antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The research provides critical information on SSI epidemiology and the prevalence of MRSA, confirming the importance of molecular diagnostics and the need to be alert on the practice of infection control in the health care setting.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF NEBIVOLOL, BISOPROLOL, AND CARVEDILOL ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION.
cause of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems. Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress play key roles in the development of hypertension. Among β-blockers, nebivolol, bisoprolol, and carvedilol differ in their effects on vascu lar function and oxidative stress. This study compares the impact of these three drugs on endothelial function, oxida tive stress, and lipid profile in patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study conducted in a tertiary-care hospital over 24 months. A total of 468 patients with essential hypertension were randomly divided into three equal groups: Group A: Nebivolol 5 mg once daily, Group B: Bisoprolol 5 mg once daily and Group C: Carvedilol 6.25 mg twice daily. Patients were followed up for 60 days. Blood pressure, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers [MDA, SOD, GPx] were measured at base line and every 15 days. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v25, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: All three drugs reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly over 60 days [p < 0.001]. Nebivo lol showed the greatest reduction in blood pressure compared to bisoprolol and carvedilol. Lipid profile also improved in all groups, but nebivolol showed a higher increase in HDL and greater reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL. After 60 days, nebivolol showed a significant decrease in MDA and a greater increase in antioxidant en zymes [SOD and GPx], indicating better control of oxidative stress. Liver and kidney function tests remained within normal limits in all groups. Conclusion: Nebivolol proved to be more effective than bisoprolol and carvedilol in im proving endothelial function, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing lipid profile, along with effective blood pres sure control. It appears to be the most beneficial β-blocker for hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome.
ASSESSMENT OF METABOLIC, LIVER FUNCTION, AND OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN NAFLD PATIENTS COMPARED TO HEALTHY CONTROLS
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] is a multifactorial condition characterized by hepatic steatosis, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Early identification of biochemical and oxidative alterations is crucial for risk stratification and management. This study aimed to compare metabolic, liver function, and oxidative stress parameters between NAFLD patients and healthy controls. Material and methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Index Medical College, Indore, India. A total of 400 participants were enrolled, comprising 200 NAFLD patients and 200 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were recorded. Fasting blood samples were collected for liver function tests, glycemic and lipid profile assessment, and measurement of oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. NAFLD severity was evaluated by abdominal ultrasonography and categorized as simple steatosis, non-fibrotic NASH, or NASH with fibrosis [≥F2]. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age of NAFLD patients was 45.2 ± 9.1 years, with 62% males. Cases had higher BMI and waist circumference. Liver enzymes were markedly elevated in NAFLD patients, with modest increases in ALP and total bilirubin. Metabolic abnormalities included higher fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, LDL-C, and lower HDL-C compared to controls. Oxidative stress analysis revealed higher malondialdehyde and lower SOD and catalase in NAFLD patients. Imaging showed 44% with simple steatosis, 37% with non-fibrotic NASH, and 19% with NASH with fibrosis. Conclusion: NAFLD is associated with significant alterations in liver function, metabolic profile, and oxidative stress markers. Comprehensive biochemical and oxidative assessment, along with imaging, can facilitate early identification and risk stratification of patients, potentially guiding targeted management strategies.
ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL INFECTION SUSPECTIBILITY IN RELATION TO ADENOSINE DEAMINASE AND GYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS; A CASE CONTROL STUDY IN NORTH WESTERN PART OF UTTAR PRADESH
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to secondary damage in various organ systems, particularly the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels. Materials & methods: The present study included 150 subjects, 75 of whom were cases of type 2 DM from the Outpatient Department of Varun arjun Medical College and Rohilkhand Hospital, and 75 healthy individuals as controls. Results: A total of 150 patients were recruited for the study, which included 43 patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and glycated hemoglobin levels greater than 8%, 32 patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and glycated hemoglobin levels of 8% or lower, and 75 healthy individuals who served as controls. The following parameters were analyzed: fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum adenosine deaminase (ADA). The results showed that blood sugar levels, mean HbA1c, and serum ADA levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p = 0.0001). The data was analyzed using SPSS software Conclusion: Increased ADA (Adenosine Deaminase) levels can indicate glycemic status and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Analyzing these levels helps assess glycemic control and can serve as an early warning for diabetic complications, allowing for preventive measures that improve health out comes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Brijendra Singh Hindoliya, Rajveer Singh, Junaid musarrat khan, K Vijay Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF HOW MEDICAL STAFF SERVICE QUALITY DIMENSIONS AFFECT PATIENT SATISFACTION USING THE SERVQUAL MODEL
Background: Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of the quality of medical services and overall healthcare performance. It reflects how well healthcare providers meet patients’ expectations regarding care, communication, treatment outcomes, and the hospital environment. Recognizing the growing importance of patient-centered care, this study examines how the quality of services provided by medical staff directly affects patient satisfaction in the hospital, using the SERVQUAL model's five dimensions: Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy, and Responsiveness. Methodology: Our study was a cross-sectional study conducted from April to June 2025 at JSS Hospital, a tertiary-level teaching hospital among 320 patients using a structured questionnaire based on the SERVQUAL model, adapted to the healthcare context. The instrument included 22 items covering five service quality dimensions—Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Empathy, and Responsiveness—as well as items measuring overall satisfaction. Results: indicated that overall satisfaction was moderate [Mean = 3.32], with Responsiveness [2.53] and Empathy [2.50] scoring the highest, and Assurance [2.41] and Tangibles [2.39] scoring the lowest. A moderately strong positive relationship [R = 0.647, p < 0.001] existed between service quality and satisfaction, with the model accounting for 41.9% of the variance [R² = 0.419]. Regression showed Reliability, Empathy, and Responsiveness as significant predictors [p < 0.05]; Assurance and Tangibles were not. Conclusion: These findings underscore that enhancing Reliability, Empathy, and Responsiveness is crucial for increasing patient satisfaction, guiding administrators on where to focus improvements for better patient-centered care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Padmini Kumari Bathala, Lakkhumi. C.R, Rakshith R.B, Mohith Cherukuri, AL Ameen, Shashirekha B, Soubam Iboyaima Singh, Madhu.C.P (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PREVALENCE OF ADULT ADHD AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH NICOTINE USE AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH ALCOHOL USE DISORDER
Background: ADHD increases risk for psychiatric comorbidities, including substance use disorders. Individuals with ADHD start substance use earlier, experiment more with drugs, and have higher nicotine addiction risk. These factors underscore the clinical importance of exploring ADHD in substance use. There is not much Indian literature on Adult ADHD and substance use disorder, hence this study was carried out to assess the prevalence of Adult ADHD in patients with severe alcohol use disorder and to compare nicotine dependence and executive function between those with and without adult ADHD. Materials and Methods: 54 individuals diagnosed with Alcohol use disorder [severe] as per DSM-5 criteria were screened for Adult ADHD using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale [ASRS-v1.1]. The diagnosis of adult ADHD was confirmed using the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults [DIVA 2.0] and the Wender Utah Rating Scale. Nicotine dependence and severity was assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and executive function was evaluated using the Frontal Assessment Battery [FAB]. Results: Out of 54 individuals, 13 [24.1%] were diagnosed with adult ADHD and 12 [22.2%] had nicotine dependence. The mean Fagerström score was significantly higher in the ADHD group [4.75 ± 1.89] than in the non-ADHD group [2.50 ± 1.31; p < 0.05]. The mean FAB score was slightly lower in the ADHD group [15.31 ± 1.49] compared to the non-ADHD group [15.66 ± 1.41], but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Adult ADHD and nicotine dependence was highly prevalent in individuals with severe alcohol use disorder but there was not much impairment in executive functioning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sufiyan Sirkhot, Chinmay Deshpande, Sagar Karia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
EFFECTIVENESS OF A MODULE ON SPACED REPETITION TO ENHANCE LEARNING OF ANATOMY AMONG I YEAR MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATES
Abstract Background: Medical students face significant challenges in retaining the vast amount of knowledge from pre-clinical subjects like Anatomy. Spaced repetition, a learning technique involving reviews at increasing intervals, has shown potential to enhance long-term memory retention. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of spaced repetition and to identify the optimal repetition interval for enhancing the long-term retention of Anatomy concepts among first-year medical undergraduates. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted with 250 Phase I MBBS students. Participants were randomly allocated into five groups, each assigned a different spaced repetition interval: 1, 2, 4, 7, or 14 days. The intervention consisted of two learning sessions and three testing sessions (post-initial learning, pre-revision, and post-revision) for standardized Anatomy topics. Data were collected via structured questionnaires. Results: The group using a 7-day repetition interval (Group D) demonstrated the most significant improvement in retention. While their pre-revision score was 58%, it increased to 87% post-revision, representing the highest gain among all groups. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in mean scores across the groups (p < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis (Tukey's HSD) confirmed that the 7-day interval group had significantly higher retention scores compared to all other intervals (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Spaced repetition is an effective tool for improving knowledge retention in medical education. An interval of approximately 7 days was identified as optimal for reinforcing Anatomy concepts, striking a balance between preventing excessive forgetting and triggering effective memory consolidation. Integrating spaced repetition with this optimal timing into the medical curriculum is recommended to enhance long-term learning outcomes.
EFFECT OF VITAMIN – D SUPPLEMENTATION ON SERUM VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM LEVELS IN URBAN AND RURAL PREGNANT WOMEN
Background: A normal level of vitamin D along with serum calcium levels during pregnancy is very important for foetal skeletal development, tooth enamel formation and perhaps general foetal growth and development. The present study aim is to find out the serum calcium levels in pregnant women based on their living area during the prenatal period. Materials & methods: It is a prospective study, done in 100 pregnant women who were allocated randomly into two groups based on living location. After giving 6000 IU of vitamin– D intervention, the calcium levels are measured at the end of 3 months and the variables were obtained before and after the intervention. Results: The mean difference of serum calcium levels 9.49±0.05, 8.97±0.025 in rural, urban pregnant women respectively after the vitamin - D supplementation [p<0.0001] after 3 months. Conclusion: Early intervention at reproductive age, fifth and seventh month of gestational age, regular screening and including in antenatal program, high dose of vitamin - D supplementation would be effective to prevent deficiency and improve the vitamin status.
Copyright (c) 2025 Srilekha V, N Jagannath, Moulali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF CHOLECYSTITIS PATIENTS IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
digestive disorder presenting with right upper quadrant pain, nausea, or vomiting. Risk factors include female gender, age, obesity, inactivity, pregnancy, and rapid weight loss. Ultrasound is the first-line diagnostic tool, while early laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduces complications and hospital stay. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with cholecystitis to improve diagnosis and management. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow. A total of 160 adult patients with clinical and radiological evidence of cholecystitis were included. Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory parameters, imaging findings, management, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results: Among 160 patients, 71.9% were female, with the 31–40 years age group most common [40%]. Lower middle [37.5%] and upper lower [26.3%] socioeconomic classes predominated. Overweight and obese patients comprised 58.76% of the cohort. Right upper quadrant pain [81.9%] was the most frequent symptom. Ultrasound showed gallbladder wall thickening >3 mm in 40%, single stones in 78.8%, and mean CBD diameter of 7.84 ± 1.57 mm. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 96.25% of patients, with low intraoperative complications [6.3%] and mini mal postoperative morbidity. Clinical symptoms correlated significantly with radiological findings [p<0.05]. Conclusion: This study offers important regional insights into the epidemiological characteristics of cholecystitis, highlighting its predominance among middle-aged females from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and reaffirming laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a safe and highly effective primary treatment modality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Yunus Saleem, Raj Narayan Prasad, Shadab Asif, C.S. Rawat, M.M.A. Faridi, Sachin Khanduri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SIGNIFICANT CERVICULAR LYMPHADENOPATHY IN CHILDREN AGED 1-12 YEARS: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Background: In Enlarged cervical lymph nodes represent a frequently encountered condition in pediatric healthcare settings, presenting diagnostic challenges due to diverse underlying causes from minor infections to serious systemic disorders. Objective: This investigation aimed to evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of notable cervical lymphadenopathy in pediatric patients and identify predominant causative factors. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational analysis involving 70 children aged 1-12 years presenting with cervical lymph nodes exceeding 1 cm. Comprehensive assessment included detailed clinical history, physical examination, hematological parameters, inflammatory markers, tuberculin testing, cytological evaluation, and microbial cultures. Results: The study population showed male predominance [60%] with highest frequency in the 4-8 years age group [45.7%]. Primary clinical manifestations included neck swelling [90%], febrile episodes [85.7%], and respiratory symptoms [49.7%]. Regional infections [51.4%] and mycobacterial infections [21.75%] constituted the majority of diagnosed cases. Cytological examination demonstrated reactive patterns in 72.8% and granulomatous inflammation in 17.1% of specimens. FNAC demonstrated 80% sensitivity for tuberculous lymphadenitis. Persistent lymph node enlargement beyond six weeks showed significant correlation with systemic conditions including tuberculosis and HIV infection. Conclusion: Pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy primarily stems from localized infections and mycobacterial disease. Fine needle aspiration cytology presents as a secure, efficient, and dependable initial investigative modality, particularly when integrated with tuberculin testing and inflammatory markers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bushra, Eddala Katyaini, Sanjana Puppala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PREVALENCE OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AND AN ANALYSIS OF ITSPREDISPOSING FACTORS IN A TERTIARY CARE SETTING IN TELANGANA,INDIA
Background: In Postpartum Depression [PPD] is a significant public health problem affecting maternal and child health. Its prevalence and risk factors are influenced by socio-cultural contexts. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD and identify the socio-demographic and obstetric factors associated with it in a tertiary care hospital in Telangana, India. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over two years [September 2022-August 2024] among 400 postpartum women. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS] was used with a cut-off score of >12 to diagnose PPD. Data on sociodemographic details, obstetric history, and psychosocial factors were collected via a proforma and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Chi-square tests were applied to find associations. Results: The prevalence of PPD was 15.5%. Statistically significant associations [p<0.05] were found between PPD and factors such as maternal age [highest in ≥30 years, 50%], occupation [working women, 24.1%], lower socioeconomic status, history of previous pregnancy loss [55.6%], unwanted pregnancy [63.6%], complications during pregnancy [35.5%] and delivery [53.3%], pressure for a male child [51.5%], poor relationship with husband [69.2%] and in laws [61.5%], domestic abuse [61.5%], lack of family support [42.1%], family history of psychiatric illness [42.9%], and recent stressful life events [50%]. Conclusion: The study confirms a high prevalence of PPD, underpinned by a complex interplay of psychosocial and obstetric risk factors. Early screening using EPDS during postnatal visits and targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors like family support and domestic violence are crucial for prevention and management.
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS],
Copyright (c) 2025 Bussu Sowmya Veni, Chilukuri Madhavi, A Viplava (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF THE GYNECOLOGIST IN EARLY BREAST DISEASEDETECTION AND AWARENESS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF 1100WOMEN IN INDIA
Background: In India, breast cancer presents a significant and growing health burden, characterized by late-stage diagnosis and a lower age of onset compared to Western populations. The gynecologist, as a primary point of contact for women's health, is uniquely positioned to implement early detection strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the benefits of systematic breast evaluation by gynecologists by determining the prevalence of breast diseases, detecting benign and malignant conditions, and evaluating awareness and practices of breast self-examination [BSE]. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2012 to November 2014, enrolling 1100 women attending a gynecology outpatient department. Participants were categorized as asymptomatic [n=764] or symptomatic [n=336]. All underwent clinical breast examination [CBE], with subsequent age-appropriate imaging [ultrasonography for ≤40 years; mammography for >40 years]. Suspicious lesions [BIRADS III/IV/V] were investigated by fine-needle aspiration cytology [FNAC]. Results: The prevalence of breast diseases was 15.2%. Overall, 14 women [1.27%] were diagnosed with breast cancer, all in the >40 years age group. The cancer detection rate was 0.7% [5/696] in asymptomatic women over 40 and 5.5% [9/164] in symptomatic women over 40. No malignancies were detected in women aged ≤40 years. Only 10.18% of women practiced BSE regularly, with practice being significantly higher in the symptomatic group [p=0.000]. Significant risk factors associated with symptomatic presentation included nulliparity, late age at first childbirth, and absence of breastfeeding. Conclusion: Integrating systematic breast evaluation into routine gynecological practice is a highly effective strategy for the early detection of breast cancer and benign diseases. It serves as a crucial platform for educating women, thereby potentially reducing late-stage presentation and mortality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chilukuri Madhavi, Bussu Sowmya Veni, S Tabitha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PREOPERATIVE NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND PLATELET TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO FOR PROGNOSIS AFTER EMBOLECTOMY
Introduction: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are novel parameters that have been associated with inflammation in arterial embolism. This study aimed to evaluate NLR and PLR for the prediction of the prognosis in arterial embolism. Methods:197 patients admitted to the hospital with acute extremity embolism who underwent embolectomy with a Fogarty balloon catheter between February 2019 to March 2022 were included in the study. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was generated for NLR and PLT to predict postoperative mortality and amputation. Patients were divided into two groups according to the NLR cut-off value (Low NLR group; High NLR Group). The Delong Test Was Used To Compare The Area Un-der The Curve (AUC) With Each Of These Parameters. Results: The mean age of the patients was 67.4 ± 15.9 years. The male population was 114 (57.9%). The median neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was 5.8 (Q1: 3.3- Q3: 10.4), median platelet /lymphocyte ratio was 193.4 (Q1: 128.7- Q3: 298.1). Hospital mortality occurred in 73 patients. ROC curve analysis was performed with NLR to predict hospital mortality. The AUC value was 0.723 (95% CI 0.649 - 0.798, p <0.05). The cut-off for NLR was calculated as 5.97 by predicting hospital mortality (specificity = %66, sensitivity = %70, likelihood ratio: 2.06). Conclusion: High preoperative NLR is an independent mortality predictor for patients who underwent surgical embolectomy. Using NLR as a prognostic indicator for patients undergoing surgical embolec-tomy will be useful and cost-effective. Keywords: Embolism; Embolectomy; Biomarkers
Serkan Mola, Gokay Deniz, Zihni Mert Duman, Muhammed Selim Yasar, Alp Yildirim, Garip Altintas
Copyright (c) 2023 Serkan Mola, Gokay Deniz, Zihni Mert Duman, Muhammed Selim Yasar, Alp Yildirim, Garip Altintas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
CLINICO-BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF THYROID AND PROLACTIN HORMONE LEVELS AMONG INFERTILE WOMEN
INTRODUCTION: Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in the female population and is known to affect reproductive function and even pregnancy. Hyperprolactinemia is also one of the common problems which are encountered in reproductive disorder. Objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid profile abnormalities with or without elevated levels prolactin hormone in infertile women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present descriptive study was conducted after taking Ethical committee approval. A written consent form was obtained after explaining the procedure and the study protocol to each subject. The cases consisted 100 female subjects who were suffering from primary infertility and had been referred the Department of Biochemistry. The inclusion criteria for the selection of cases were diagnosis of primary infertility, aged between 20-40 years. RESULTS: Mean T3, T4 and TSH levels were 1.31, 8.32 and 3.05 respectively with mean prolactin levels being 22.74. 13% of the infertile women had hypothyroidism and 3% had hyperthyroidism. There were a statistically significant high prolactin levels and TSH levels in hyperprolactinaemic infertile women compared to normoprolactinaemic infertile women. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperprolactinemia with thyroid disorders could play a significant factor in infertility and therefore during the workup of infertile women, T3, T4, TSH and prolactin levels should be estimated.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr.Sreevani Matta, Dr.T.Sankara Narayana, Dr. Bezwada Srinivasa Rao, Dr.S.Srivani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT: THE WORLD OF SECOND BRAIN
Mothers gift not just life but also a microbial profile to their babies, i.e., for vaginally delivered babies, these communities resemble the specific microbial communities found in the mother’s birth canal; for babies delivered by caesarean section, the communities resemble the skin communities of the mother. These gut microbiota, via a complex bidirectional communication system, interact with the Central Nervous System, the enteric nervous system, and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) (cognitive and emotional centers), referred to as the Gut-Brain axis. Though in contemporary societies microbes have a strong negative connotation and are viewed in a warlike context, not all are harmful but beneficial and indeed crucial for a normal healthy life. As many ongoing research studies link the pathogenesis of various diseases to altered gut microbiota, many studies on the other hand show dramatic recovery with faecal microbiota transplantation, confirming the earlier Keywords: Faecal microbiota transplantation; Gut-brain axis; Gut microbiota; HPA axis.
Prajwal Toragal, Seema Sankeshwari, Nagaraja Puranik
Copyright (c) 2023 Prajwal Toragal, Seema Sankeshwari, Nagaraja Puranik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
DETECTION OF PANTON–VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN GENE IN METHICILLIN RESISTANCE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Introduction: The role of PVL in the disease process and severity of Staphylococcus aureus till now is a debate matter. The data provide substantial evidence that the high virulence potential of CA-MRSA isolates is associated with the expression of PVL. PVL genes carried by HA-MRSA strains have also been recently described in cutaneous and invasive infections. Epidemiology of MRSA strains is constantly changing and is known to vary between hospitals. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of PVL in MRSA isolates from patients using multiplex PCR. Material and Methods: Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from various clinical samples received in Bacteriology Laboratory using standard protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion method. Detection of PVL genes by multiplex PCR. Results: The highest prevalence of MRSA PVL positive isolates was from pus sample (74.5%) followed by blood (16.3%). The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed almost similar pattern of antibiotics resistance among PVL negative MRSA isolates as compared to PVL positive MRSA isolates. Conclusion: The detection of PVL-producing MRSA will help us in framing and planning the infection control measures against the MRSA infections. Keywords: Panton–valentine leukocidin gene; PCR; Antibiotics
Sneha Mohan, Tarana Sarwat, Satendra Pal Singh, Dalip K. Kakru
Copyright (c) 2023 Sneha Mohan, Tarana Sarwat, Satendra Pal Singh, Dalip K. Kakru (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PARTIAL HYDATIDIFORM MOLE AND COEXISTENT LIVE FETUS WITH ANENCEPHALY: A CASE REPORT
Ultrasound Partial molar pregnancy is a rare entity in which there is usually a triploid abnormal fetus associated with a large placenta with cystic changes. The fetus is usually not compatible due to multiple abnormalities. Here we present a case of a 24-year-old pregnant woman who came for routine first trimester scan and was diagnosed with partial mole and a live fetus with anencephaly and multiple spinal anomalies. Keywords: Partial mole; Live fetus; Anencephaly
Neha Anjum, Sowmya Uppalapati, Sriya Gudavarthi, Anthapu Keerthi Reddy, Kalla Mounica
Copyright (c) 2023 Neha Anjum, Sowmya Uppalapati, Sriya Gudavarthi, Anthapu Keerthi Reddy, Kalla Mounica (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PREHOSPITAL POINT-OF-CARE ULTRASOUND (POCUS)
POCUS is instrumental in improving patient outcomes and person-centered care. It is performed as a bedside test and it is interpreted by the attending physicians. It is highly important in emergency medicine to use as a rapid diagnostic tool. Training Requiremen Formal ultrasound training is a requirement for prehospital physicians. It is an added advantage if the paramedics and nurses can learn POCUS programs that include both practical and instructive training. After the formal training, it is necessary to get educated in various courses, unit- level in-services, and medical education. Applications of POCUS in Prehospital settings Several applications such as enhancing various medical and traumatic pathologies can be achieved through the correct administration of POCUS. POCUS plays a very important role in the termination of resuscitation (JEMS 2018). Quality Assurance of POCUS in Prehospital Settings For better quality assurance, skill retention is very important for a better application of prehospital ultrasound. Limitations of POCUS in Prehospital Settings There are a few limitations of POCUS such as the response time of the emergency care professionals. Conclusion Thus, the impact of the prehospital point-of-care of ultrasound is quite important to determine and identifying patient outcomes and patient-centered care. the technological advancements help to address several factors in education, quality assurance, and feasibility of POCUS. POCUS is standard care in several prehospital settings used to reduce morbidity and mortality. Keywords: emergency medicine, diagnostic tool, resuscitation, ultrasound, quality assurance
Copyright (c) 2023 Murdhi Alanazi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Pre-donation Hydration and Muscle Tensing exercises to Reduce Donor adverse Reactions due to Blood Donation.
Blood Donors are the backbone of a Blood Transfusion service.Since blood donors are considerate volunteers, they should be encouraged , motivated and should be safe without any adverse reactions. As the quote says , people who have not donated have never been asked for .Post donation well being and donors being fine fettle will definitely have implications on blood donor return rate .voluntary repeat donations should be encouraged. If the donors are ensured of a pleasant experience, they will be motivated to become regular repeat donors. This can be accomplished by preventing adverse reactions during and post donation. Objectives: 1.To study the frequency of occurrence of adverse reactions in voluntary whole blood donors. 2. To evaluate the efficacy of pre dontion hydration and muscle tensing exercises in preventing Adverse donar reactions 3. To look for associated factors like age, sex,mental status in the causation of donor adverse reactions Methodology: Study duration : 3 months . Total of 800 donors will be included in the present study , of which 200 will in the standard group and 600 ( 200 each) in intervention group. Randomly donors were assigned to one of four groups: 1) standard donation, 2) Leg exercise prior to Donation (venipuncture/Phlebotomy) 3) Pre-donation water (500 ml of bottled water consumed 20 to 30 minutes before donation), 4) Pre-donation water combined with leg exercise during donation Statistical analysis: Analysis :using SPSS 19.0 software. All data will be entered in Excel and further analysed. Results : There was significant reduction in the VVR in group 3 and 4 when compared to group 1 and 2.Anxiety was more in group 1 and 2.we found that pre donation exercise was not acceptable/ tolerated by many donors and they became more restless / showed anxiety when compared to group 3 .there was no much difference between group 3 and group 4 with respect to VVR.Pre donation hydration and muscle exercise were associated with significantly lower VVR. Implications : Pre Donation Hydration ( 500 ml of water 15 to 20 minute before donating) and leg exercises will help reduce vasovagal reactions specially in Novice donors, thus adding them to the Donor Pool. Hilights : Pre donation Hydration and Muscle tensing exercise to reduce the Adverse donor reactions Increase the Donor Pool
Predonation Hydration, Muscle tensing exercise, donor adverse reaction.
Veena Shivamurthy, Thotadamane Nagaraja Chandrasekhar, Shweta Ghatapanadi, Pradeep Kumar Lalyanaik, Kalagara Devi Samyuktha, Namratha Girish.
Copyright (c) 2024 Veena Shivamurthy, Thotadamane Nagaraja Chandrasekhar, Shweta Ghatapanadi, Pradeep Kumar Lalyanaik, Kalagara Devi Samyuktha, Namratha Girish. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Bilateral middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts with temporal lobe agenesis. Case report in adult.
The temporal lobe agenesis syndrome is a rare congenital abnormality. Bilateral temporal lobe agenesis along with middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts is extremely rare, and only very few cases have been reported in the literature. Case report: We present the case of 21-year-old child with bilateral arachnoid cysts and temporal lobe agenesis whose mental examination and neurologic assessment is normal. The Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings revealed bilateral temporal lobe agenesis with bilateral arachnoid cysts. Brain MRI sequence showing bilateral middle cranial fossa arachnoidal cysts, following CSF signal intensity on MRI. Bilateral middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts with temporal lobe agenesis. The patient was managed conservatively. Conclusion: Bilateral middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts with temporal lobe agenesis in adult is very rare. The diagnosis is made by brain MRI. Prophylactic surgery in asymptomatic cases is not advisable. These patients must be followed by the practician. The patient and his family must be sensualized and informed of some precautions, especially brain head trauma.
Adult, headache, brain MRI, Bilateral temporal lobe agenesis, bilateral middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts.
Ahmed El Mostarchid, Mamoune El Mostarchid, Ahmed Jidane.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmed El Mostarchid, Mamoune El Mostarchid, Ahmed Jidane. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Assessment of Dental Anxiety during Pulp Therapy, Restorations & Extraction in 6- to 9-year-old Children Using Drawings and Questionnaire – A cross sectional study.
Childhood dental fear and anxiety are prevalent from an early age through adolescence, posing a significant challenge in pediatric dental care. Understanding children's emotions during dental procedures is crucial for pediatric dentists to anticipate and address behavioral responses in future visits. Utilizing drawings and questionnaires can effectively gauge an individual's self-concept, anxiety, attitude, or conflicts. Aim: This study aimed to assess children's drawings and questionnaires as means to measure dental anxiety related to dental treatment. Methodology: Forty children aged 6-9 years participated in this study. During the initial therapeutic session, all participants underwent pulp therapy and restorative treatment with local anesthesia administration. Objective assessment of distress during treatment was conducted using the Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM), and Frankl Scales. Subsequently, children were provided with a predetermined set of questions before the treatment, and their responses were recorded. Following the interview, children were asked to draw a picture of their surroundings. Pediatric dentists and psychologists scored the children's drawings using the Child Drawing: Hospital (CD: H) scale. The findings were compared with Frankl and SEM Scores. Results: A statistically significant association was observed between Frankl score and SEM Score (p<0.001*). A strong positive correlation was found between CD:H Scores Examiner 1 and CD:H Scores Examiner 2 (p<0.001*; r=0.760). Conclusion: Assessing dental anxiety through children's drawings, which reflect their inner feelings, offers an alternative to self-report techniques for pediatric dentists. Drawing, being both easier and enjoyable, emerges as a valuable tool for measuring children’s levels of dental anxiety.
Children, Dental Anxiety, Drawings, Pain Perception, Behaviour Management
Rajvi Rashmikant Shah, Mayur Shrigopal Bhattad, Ankita Chandak, Jyoti Kamble.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rajvi Rashmikant Shah, Mayur Shrigopal Bhattad, Ankita Chandak, Jyoti Kamble. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The classical Biomarkers to Predict Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disorders; depicted by elevated blood glucose levels ascribed to a futile, scanty or sojourns production of insulin. Enduring complications of the disease have been related to peripheral vascular problems, steering to cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and foot. Precise monitoring of these complications and early therapy stages will allow improvement in prevention and treatment approaches. The availability of measurable, accurate and reproducible biomarkers allow the patient to receive timely enactment of personalized therapies and circumventing harmful blood sugar fluctuations that ultimately progress to life-threatening impediments. Profound knowledge of these biomarkers released by extracellular vesicles in metabolic diseases and other disease condition may guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches to restore the affected pathogenesis, rather than merely treating the symptoms. With advent of method that can isolate (ultracentrifugation, affinity-based capture, size exclusion chromatography/filtration, polymer precipitation) and characterize (protein quantification, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, ELISA, nanoparticles tracking analysis, flow cytometry, western blot) from body fluids have become a major diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers not only in diabetes, in other conditions like cancer, neurodegradative disease.
Biomarkers, diabetes mellitus, blood glucose, metabolic diseases
Junapudi Sunil, Yasodha Krishna Janapati, Syam Sundar Junapudi.
Copyright (c) 2024 Junapudi Sunil, Yasodha Krishna Janapati, Syam Sundar Junapudi. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Perceived Social Support With Early Maladaptive Schemas Among Male And Female Epileptics.
Individuals with epilepsy face number of psychological and physical challenges in their daily life. One of the issues is the faulty thought processes, such as disturbed thinking, holding negative beliefs about their selves, lack of social support from their family. Objectives: To examine (a) Younger epileptics will exhibit more early maladaptive schemas, and perceived low social support as compare to older epileptics.(b) Female epileptics will have more early maladaptive schemas, and perceived more social support as compared to male epileptics. (c) Married epileptics will experience less early maladaptive schemas, and perceived more social support as compared to unmarried epileptics. Methodology: This Correlational study was conducted on epileptic patients from March 2021 to December 2021. Sample of the current study was comprised of 200 epileptic patients. The sample was purposefully selected from hospitals and clinics of Lahore Pakistan. The questionnaire, Urdu version of young schema questionnaire short form (YSQ-SF), Urdu version of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), were used to analyze the effect of early maladaptive schemas on perceived social support and quality of life among epileptics. Result: Results of the current study concluded that old-aged epileptics have less early maladaptive schemas, and perceived more social support as compared to young-aged epileptic. It is also concluded that female epileptics exhibited more maladaptive schemas, and perceived social support, as compared to male epileptics. Unmarried epileptics suffering from generalized seizure scored higher on early maladaptive schema and perceived low social support. While married epileptics suffering from generalized epileptic seizure and have perceived low social support. Conclusion: The results of study confirm the hypothesis by establishing examine the effect of early maladaptive schemas with perceived social support. Early maladaptive schemas have negative affect with perceived social support. Generalize seizure have high scores on early maladaptive schema and low score on perceived social support as compared to focal seizure epileptics. Key Word: Early Maladaptive Schemas, Perceived Social Support, and Quality of Life.
Early Maladaptive Schemas, Perceived Social Support, and Quality of Life.
Jauhar Ali, Muhammad Ali Lak, Noshaba Razaq, Hifza Sehar, Fatir Abbas, Zunaira Anjum.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jauhar Ali, Muhammad Ali Lak, Noshaba Razaq, Hifza Sehar, Fatir Abbas, Zunaira Anjum. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A Rare Antepartum Intervention For Gross Hydrocephalus- Cephalocentesis
Fetal hydrocephalus detected antenatally presents challenges in management and prognostication, necessitating careful consideration of therapeutic intervention. We report a case of 22 year old primigravida at 35 weeks gestational age with a diagnosis of isolated gross hydrocephalus in a single live intrauterine fetus. Following thorough counselling and consent, the patient underwent fetal cephalocentesis due to maternal contraindications for cesarean section. Under ultrasound guidance and local anesthesia, cerebrospinal fluid was drained. The procedure was well tolerated by both mother and fetus without immediate complications .Post procedure monitoring revealed a reduction in fetal biparietal diameter and alleviation of ventricular distension. This case, underscores the feasibility and potential benefits of fetal cephalocentesis in selected cases of antenatal hydrocephalus, despite the associated neurodevelopment risks and postnatal complications that warrant ongoing monitoring and multidisciplinary care. It also highlights the successful management of isolated gross fetal hydrocephalus through prenatal intervention, emphasizing the multidisciplinary care for maternal and child health care.
Fetal hydrocephalus , Cephalocentesis, Ventriculoamniotic shunting
Copyright (c) 2025 Apoorva Bathula. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
An effectively handled case of abnormal uterine bleeding due to retained intrauterine bony fragments: A rare case report
The presence of retained intrauterine fetal bones is a rare but well-known entity. Patients may present with abnormal uterine bleeding, subfertility, secondary infertility, chronic pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, and, pelvic inflammatory disease. Calcification appears as a hyperechoic area on ultrasound. Hysteroscopy-guided removal of bony fragments is the most widely practiced management and leads to complete resolution of symptoms.
Abnormal uterine bleeding, Bony fragment, Infertility
Copyright (c) 2025 Shweta Sharma, Mohit Gaur, Deepa Singh. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0